Solid tumors

For decades, cancer treatment has followed a familiar pattern. First comes diagnosis, then a combination of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted drugs, often customized to the molecular signature of a patient’s tumor. While this approach has saved many lives, it has also revealed a hard truth. Cancer, especially solid tumors like breast cancer, is remarkably …

Cancer vaccines have always come with a frustrating catch. Unlike flu shots that work for millions of people, most cancer vaccines need to be custom-made for each patient. Doctors must extract tumor samples, analyze them, and build a vaccine tailored to that specific person’s cancer. By the time all that happens, months have passed, and …